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Total Quality Management (TQM) is a wide ranging, almost philosophical, approach to running a business.
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The examples used to illustrate action research would serve equally well as examples of TQM and vice versa.
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This applies particularly to total quality management (TQM).
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Conclusions: The implementation of a quick and simple instrument to monitor the TQM implementation highlighted several critical areas for intervention.
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Both action research and TQM are cyclical activities involving examination of existing processes, change, monitoring the apparent effects of the change and further change.