Specifically, the current study examined the association between bidirectional IPV and depression.

Among those involved in bidirectional IPV, having greater social support was associated with significantly lower depression levels.

Results suggest that of those couples who experienced violence, bidirectional IPV was reported significantly more frequently than unidirectional IPV only.

Clinicians may consider assessing family violence broadly, including bidirectional IPV, particularly among parents of young children with other adverse life conditions.