These changes were most pronounced in the frontal and temporal lobes, especially in the cingulate gyri and insulae.

BD-AUD patients presented smaller GM volumes in the left medial frontal and the right anterior cingulate gyri compared to BD-nonAUD patients.

Results: Significant metabolic reductions in both the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri were visualized in the patients with autism spectrum disorders.

Conclusions: Compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers, patients with autism spectrum disorders showed significantly decreased metabolism in both the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri.

Subjects with schizophrenia had non-uniform cortical thinning over the left and right cingulate gyri, especially in the anterior portion, as compared to healthy comparison subjects.