The concentration of circulating ICs were significantly higher in chronically infected patients compared to non-infected CF patients.

The expression of FcγRIIA by human platelets, which is their unique receptor for IgG antibodies, positions them to ideally respond to circulating IC.

Using this technique, we have analyzed the clonotypes of anti-DNA antibodies expressing specific Id in the circulating IC of patients with active lupus nephritis.

These results indicate that subpopulations of anti-DNA antibodies in circulating IC are limited, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.