Sensitivity to partial adipogenic stimulation was significantly different between ccdPAs of SAT and DAT.

DNA methylation levels of PPAR-γ were significantly lower in ccdPAs of SAT than DAT.

In addition, the 3' end of ccdB functions as a primer binding site common to all vectors.

We introduced the toxic ccdB gene under control of a strong constitutive promoter for counterselection of insert less vector.

The ccdPAs spontaneously accumulated lipid droplets, and their expression levels of the transduced exogenous gene with its product were maintained for at least 56 days.