The mutation has little effect on the observed and intrinsic phosphodianion binding energy and only a modest effect on phosphite dianion activation of TIM.
2
The combination of squaramide units with tetraalkylammonium groups leads two hosts that bind distinctively dianions in water-ethanol mixtures.
3
Dianions composed of sulfonate groups as the negative charge carriers show essentially exclusive adduct formation in converting protonated peptides and proteins to anions.