Interrupted aortic arch is a rare congenital heartmalformation occurring in approximately three per 1 million births.
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Embryo toxicity was characterized by marked cardiovascular collapse and heartmalformation, whereas juveniles exposed at 30 dpf had no detectable cardiovascular toxicity.
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Methods: Original two-dimensional CT image data sets were collected from 4 abortion fetuses with fetal malformations but not heartmalformation or chromosomal abnormalities.
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Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis challenges therapeutic algorithms for the management of congenital heartmalformations.
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The patient shows severe mental retardation, congenital heartmalformations, nephropathy, and other congenital anomalies.
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Dysregulation of developmental processes leading to heartmalformations are caused by genetic anomalies but also environmental factors including blood flow.
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Previous studies showed that conotruncal heartmalformations can arise with the increase or decrease in alpha1 connexin function in neural crest cells.
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Our data indicate that epigenetic alterations of relevant genes are present in developing heart DNA in fetuses with both isolated and syndromic heartmalformations.