Earlier observational studies had previously detected deviations from isotropy in the orientation of galaxies.
2
Assuming isotropy, a log-normal distribution of the magnitude can account for the observed dependency of the components.
3
De Vries often states the principle of isotropy as one of his central conclusions: all characters may mutate in all directions.
4
Even more significantly, de Vries recognizes that isotropy must be asserted to validate Darwinian selection at the higher level of evolutionary trends.
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But we rarely encounter a "pure" saltationist who accepts isotropy for large-scale changes and rejects all notions of preferred directionality.
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But de Vries represents our instructive "pure" case of one without the other- asaltationistwho accepted the isotropy of these immediate and substantial changes.
7
And I pointed out that the isotropy (or undirectedness) of variational raw material acts as a prerequisite for granting natural selection this potentially creative role.
8
(Saltationism precluded any role for selection in the origin of species; but mutational isotropy resurrected the Darwinian apparatus at the higher level of evolutionary trends.)