Conclusion and relevance: Baseline measures of salience network connectivity involving the left insula may predict behavioral changes in patients with frontotemporal dementia.

In 15% of the participants peak activity was located in either the left lateral prefrontal cortex or left insula cluster.

Three months later, magnetic resonance imaging control revealed bone metastases and recurrences in the left insula and at the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere.

Frontal-variant patients had pronounced atrophy in left insula and middle frontal gyrus, combined with more rapid atrophy of left insula than other non-amnestic patients.

Imaging data revealed that EI scores are associated with left insula activity during social judgment of emotional faces as a function of facial expression.