Our results suggest a molecular basis for ant protection of plants in this mutualism.

Labour grew out of popular movements of mutualism and self-help.

So far, the political class has backed mutualism as a more palatable model than privatisation.

Different supergroups have distinct host ranges and symbiotic relationships, ranging from mutualism to reproductive manipulation.

Here, we show that this highly conserved molecular mechanism affects the outcome of a plant-animal mutualism.