So chip manufacturers are already near the edge of photolithography's physical limit.
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It works like the photolithography that draws lines onto computer chips.
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The development of modern processes of photolithography, photogravure, and etching has revolutionized the note counterfeiting industry.
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But, she added, the computer industry is also unlikely to give up the photolithography ghost anytime soon.
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We then focus on the fundamental principles of microfabrication techniques including photolithography, soft lithography and bioprinting approaches.
Uso de optical lithography em inglês
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We're running into a barrier that we've run up against several times before: the limits of opticallithography.
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For the past few years, the chip industry has examined several alternatives to opticallithography, none of which have proven viable.
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Most semiconductor manufacturers use a process known as opticallithography, where lasers imprint patterns on silicon wafers with features as small as 90 nanometres.
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Today's chipmaking techniques, known as opticallithography, are akin to printing a picture: Scientists make a "mask" with the pattern they want on the chip.