It follows that obesity due to its pro-inflammatory phenotype can aggravate or accelerate the sepsis-induced damage in rat brain.

We also determined that Ang1 switched macrophage differentiation toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, even in the presence of an anti-inflammatory mediator.

Specifically, it manifests in activation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglial cells and malfunction of acetylcholine synapse transmission in motor neurons.

We will we discuss the role of genomic instabilities and senescence in propagating the chronically suppressed state and pro-inflammatory phenotype associated with MM-BMSCs.

Aging tissues accumulate chronic cellular stress, which can lead to the development of a pro-inflammatory phenotype that can be associated with cellular senescence.

Monocytes can adopt a long-term pro-inflammatory phenotype after brief stimulation with microbial pathogens or endogenous atherogenic lipoproteins via a process termed trained immunity.

Our data demonstrate that the MR regulates a macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype and cardiac tissue inflammation, partially via pathways that do not require DNA binding.

There was no obvious change in microglial phenotype or in pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression within the striatum without any apparent switch into a pro-inflammatory phenotype.