Objective: Antibiotics and retinoids have been used for acne vulgaris for decades.

Background: Acne scars are common and challenging clinical complications of acne vulgaris.

Conclusions: Afamelanotide appears to have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.

Background: There is increasing evidence to support the relationship between acne vulgaris and diet.

Chemical peels have been used for treatment of acne vulgaris with inadequate clinical evidence.

Here we investigated if a possible link exists between air pollution and acne vulgaris.

Few long-term treatment regimens for severe acne vulgaris have been investigated in clinical trials.

Conclusion: This study provides indirect evidence for a link between acne vulgaris and air pollution.

However, there are currently no topical retinoids available for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Japan.

However, it is also the pathogen responsible for acne vulgaris and other diseases, such as medical-device infections.

Future trials are needed to confirm the anti-inflammatory action of this melanocortin analogue in patients with acne vulgaris.

In addition to its suspected role in acne vulgaris it is involved in a variety of opportunistic infections.

Propionibacterium acnes induction of inflammatory responses is a major etiological factor contributing to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.

Methods: In this time period, 59,325 outpatient visits were recorded because of acne vulgaris.

Recent advances in distinguishing phylotypes of P. acnes have revealed that certain type I lineages are predominantly associated with acne vulgaris.

For many non-neoplastic dermatological diseases like localized scleroderma, acne vulgaris and viral warts a therapeutical benefit of PDT is evident, too.