He joins Dallas Federal Reserve Bank President Richard Fisher in advocating breaking up financial institutions to curb risks to the broader system.

Clearing houses have become a focus for regulators since the financial crisis in a bid to curb risks and improve transparency in markets.

Investors will also eye White House adviser Paul Volcker's testimony before a Senate panel urging lawmakers to curb risks taken by large banks.

Will the intergovernmental climate conference in Paris in December be a decisive turn in the world's efforts to curb risks of catastrophic climate change?

China has been trying to diversify its currency reserves to reduce the dollar's dominance in favour of the euro and yen to curb risks.

The Bank of Thailand raised rates by 25 basis points in December, its first rate hike since 2011, to curb risks to financial stability.