Steppers are multi-million dollar machines used to etch circuitry onto semiconductors and LCD panels.

Steppers and scanners are multi-million dollar machines used to etch circuitry onto silicon wafers and LCD panels.

See-through semi-conductors could even make it possible to etch circuitry rapidly in three dimensions, on the inside of clear solid objects.

Steppers and scanners are multi-million dollar machines used to etch circuitry onto silicon wafers and liquid-crystal display (LCD) panels.

ASML is the dominant maker of lithography tools that etch circuitry onto chips, a segment Applied Materials and Tokyo Electron do not compete in.