However, the magnitude of this relationship was stronger for independent self-construal than the interdependent self-construal.

Path analysis showed that the effect of interdependent self-construal seemed to be weaker in Japan than in England.

In both countries, independent self-construal was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms, while interdependent self-construal was positively associated with anxiety.

Participants with low independent and high interdependent self-construal had elevated levels of psychopathological symptoms when perceived social support was low.

In both countries, perceived social support and independent self-construal were generally associated with less psychopathological symptoms, and interdependent self-construal was associated with more symptoms.