Actin polymerization is a universal mechanism to drive plasma membrane protrusion in motile cells.

In particular, the co-occurrence of motile cells and extracellular matrix producers has not been studied.

Cofilin plays an essential role in actin filament dynamics and membrane protrusion in motile cells.

Of the computerized measurements, the mean velocities of motile spermatozoa and the concentration of motile cells were significantly correlated.

Our results indicate that vortex-like collective motility by aggregates of motile cells and EPS producers accelerate the formation of floating biofilms.

Formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the leading edge of motile cells requires actin polymerization induced mechanical deformation of the plasma membrane.

Motile cells can colonize and grow on the biofilm exterior, but are readily removed by shear forces.