Cuts in polytechnic leadership jobs and some closures are expected as the new national polytechnic struggles financially due to the pandemic.

Lane said the most important thing was for the national polytechnic to maintain and develop the ITOs' successful approaches to arranging training.

The ROVE reforms will see the national polytechnic take over responsibility for workplace training and apprenticeships from industry training organisations (ITOs).

They will put the national polytechnic in charge of on-the-job training and give industry-driven councils the power to veto courses they don't like.

Received first as Chief of Promotion of the National Polytechnic School of France, the 10th of September, 1877.