Methods: A total of 45 women scheduled to undergo cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled.

Conclusions: Thoracic ultrasound is a non-invasive and easy-to-use tool for detecting fluid intolerance in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section.

Conclusions: Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine plus sufentanil causes a clinically significant disturbance on bladder function in women undergoing cesarean section.

Background: This study evaluates the effects of spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine plus sufentanil on bladder function in women undergoing cesarean section.

Results: From December 2016 to August 2018, at the University-Hospital of Udine, we enrolled 80 consecutive pregnant women undergoing cesarean section.

Patients: Eight patients undergoing cesarean section combined with hernia repair (inguinal in 5 and umbilical in 3) vs 305 low-risk patients undergoing cesarean section alone.