Meanings of dental calculus in English

Objectives: Archaeological dental calculus is a rich source of host-associated biomolecules.

Female students have significantly few gingivitis and dental calculus than male students in both groups.

Importantly, however, dental calculus is more accurately described as a calcified microbial biofilm than a host tissue.

Methods: A total of 93 artificial teeth coated with artificial dental calculus were examined in this study.

Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the in vitro effectiveness of ADPJ in the removal of dental calculus, without causing damage to tooth surfaces.

The percentage of gingivitis and dental calculus in students 11 to 13 years were 75.33% and 35.86%, respectively.

All dental calculus samples exhibited damage patterns consistent with ancient DNA, and mitochondrial sequences were estimated to be 92-100% endogenous.

Discussion: Dental calculus is a viable alternative source of human DNA that can be used to reconstruct full mitogenomes from archaeological remains.