However, whether thiazide diuretics can definitely prevent recurrent kidney calculi remains unclear.

We aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of thiazide diuretics on recurrent kidney calculi.

Background: Thiazide diuretics reduce the risk of recurrent kidney calculi in patients with kidney calculi or hypercalciuria.

Conclusions: For general patients with kidney calculi, PCNL in supine position has similar stone-free rate compared with prone.

The primary outcome was the incidence of recurrent kidney calculi, and the secondary outcome was the 24-h urinary calcium level.

Considering the adverse effects, poor patient compliance, and economic burden of long-term medication, their use in preventing recurrent kidney calculi is not recommended.