Results: The study confirmed the previous findings of memory and phonological awareness difficulties.

Difficulties in phonological processing are currently considered one of the major causes for dyslexia.

The subsequent short therapy showed an improvement regarding phonological competence.

Cognitive performance was repeatedly evaluated by tasks involving speech, vocabulary, phonological memory, and visual-spatial skills.

In contrast, as SES increases, this relationship between phonological language skill and activation is attenuated.

This activation could be related to the grapheme-to-phoneme conversion characterizing the phonological pathway of reading.

There are three underlying causes of a reading disability: phonological, rapid automatic naming and orthographic processing.

The findings indicate that phonological overlap does not always lead to facilitation but inhibition could occur.

Finally, children in the ANS training group showed significant improvements in math ability but not phonological awareness.

Both the fMRI and the ERP results support differences in phonological processing between dyslexic and normal-reading children.

However, difficulties in verbal and visual memory and aspects of phonological awareness were found compared to normative data.

A central issue in the study of speech production is whether phonological encoding occurs sequentially or in parallel.

The present study investigated the contribution of phonological relatedness on written production using the blocked cyclic naming paradigm.

Nor should we, in our phonological studies, either expect or desire more than general hints from physical ethnology.

Brain activation during reading tasks is known to be associated with individual differences in children's phonological language skills.

Using an age and gender matched control group, the previous findings of memory and phonological awareness difficulties were validated.