Having atoms linked by bonds represented in circular or triangular form.
1It was suggested that the closed-ring isomers assembled into a chiral nanostructure.
2By binding to itself, carbon can generate myriad combinations of long-chain, highly branched, or closed-ring molecules.
3Both the open-ring and closed-ring isomers exhibit a consistent coordination mode between the EuIII ion and De.
4This ICD was explained by the difference in the self-assembling behavior between the open- and the closed-ring isomers.
5Double-hexamer complexes containing mutant LTag that lacks the N-terminal J-domain show the central module predominantly in the closed-ring state.
6On the other hand, the bulky alkoxy substituent decreased the thermal stability of the colored closed-ring isomers at high temperature.
7The cloud-point temperature of the closed-ring isomer was 5-7 degrees C lower than that of the open-ring isomer.
8The closed-ring isomer, for the extended conjugated system formed in cyclization, has a much lower triplet energy level than 5D 0 of the EuIII ion.