This work reports the effect of co-infection of Angiostrongylus vasorum and S. mansoni in hemocyte activity and in the outcome of infection.
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The number of hemocytes in circulation changes during larval development.
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Additional serine proteinases expressed in M. sexta hemocytes and fat body have been discovered.
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Coagulation involving both hemocytes and humoral factors is important for insect survival and immune defense.
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Several hemocytes contribute to capsule formation, destruction of the foreign cells, tunic regeneration, and wound healing.
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Discussion and conclusion: Simple organisms have hemocytes that can carry out both immune response and coagulation processes.
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Levels of Ofserpin1 transcripts in the integument were higher than those in hemocytes, fat body and midgut.
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We found that hml larvae survived less than controls when injured during the feeding stage with fewer hemocytes.
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We found that in the absence of SdhA, the LCV in hemocytes showed signs of instability and leakage.
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Bivalve cellular immunity is ensured by phagocytosis and cytotoxic reactions carried out by hemocytes in a network with humoral responses.
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Bacterial infection elevated the expression of recognition and modulator genes in the fat body and signal pathway genes in hemocytes.
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Some researchers argue that hemocytes from lower organisms are the common link from which the immune system and coagulation system developed.
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Early stages of phagocytosis proceed normally in mauve mutant hemocytes but, unlike in wild type, late phagosomes fuse and generate large vacuoles containing many bacteria.
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The HP14 mRNA exists in fat body and hemocytes of the naive larvae, and its level increases significantly at 24 h after a bacterial challenge.