We will also ensure greater cooperation in diagnosing and treating substance dependence.

Exclusions stipulated no major depression and substance dependence within a year.

Neither housing status nor polysubstance use was associated with engagement or substance dependence.

Classical genetic studies document substantial heritable influences on DSM substance dependence.

Patients with serious mental illness and current substance dependence were excluded.

We also compared the prevalence of substance dependence and psychiatric disorders to population data.

Background: Personality traits are associated with substance dependence (SD); genetic factors may influence both.

Certain personality traits are associated with substance dependence (SD); genetic factors may influence both.

Therefore, we aimed to measure striatal DA release in patients with comorbid schizophrenia and substance dependence.

Results: Lower volume or thickness was observed in many brain regions in individuals with substance dependence.

Differences in cortisol suppression could not be attributed to substance dependence history or differences in dexamethasone bioavailability.

In spite of the abundant research on substance dependence, there are few effective treatments for this disease.

Increasing numbers of sex partners were associated with increasing risk of substance dependence disorder at all three ages.

Human personality traits have been closely linked to substance dependence (SD), and are partially genetically determined.

The main measures were items from diagnostic interview instruments for substance dependence, psychiatric disorders, and patterns of substance use.

Conclusion: ADH4 variation might play a role in risk for substance dependence in AAs, potentially via a recessive mechanism.