Results: Behaviorally, atomoxetine led to a significant increase in failed inhibition.

In general, d-amphetamine increases risk-taking while atomoxetine has produced mixed effects in rats.

There were no significant improvements while on atomoxetine compared with placebo on primary outcomes.

There were no serious adverse events related to atomoxetine.

Effects of d-amphetamine on probabilistic discounting may be biology-dependent and differ from effects of atomoxetine.