1 His father was one of the viziers, not one of the ' ulamá .
2 Even the Persian government itself became awakened and regretted that which had arisen through the fault of the ' ulamá .
3 Some there are in Persia who have become liberated through this cause, whose cleverness and eloquence the ' ulamá cannot refute.
4 Likewise, the foundation of the religion of Muḥammad has disappeared, but its form remains in the hands of the official ' ulamá .
5 For example, two men will go to law, and one of the ' ulamá will find for the plaintiff and another for the defendant.
6 Many ' ulamá and public men, as well as other people, joyfully sacrificed their lives in His Cause, and hastened to the plain of martyrdom.
7 Then he appointed the ' ulamás of 'Iráq to intercede for him.
8 He was molested and harassed; the inhabitants rioted, and the evil ' ulamás plotted his death.
9 By some of the ' Ulamá they are considered to be equal to the Mujtahidín of the third class.
10 ' Ulamá , from the Arabic 'alima, to know, may be translated learned men, scientists, religious authorities.
11 One day the government leaders, pillars of the country, the city's ' ulamás , leading mystics and intellectuals came out to the Mansion.
12 This was soon known throughout the city; to the eyes of the evil ' ulamás , he was now an object of hate and contempt.
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